Methodology

Show the evidence. Preserve the uncertainty.

Our standard is simple: a useful conclusion should retain its source, reasoning, date and limitations.

1. Source

We prefer authoritative public records: procurement notices and awards, buyer publications, strategies, budgets, committee papers and formally released procurement documents. Secondary sources may help discovery, but material claims should lead back to primary evidence where practicable.

2. Resolve

Organisation names change and public records contain duplicates. We connect records only when identifiers, addresses, domains, relationships or other evidence support the match. Ambiguous cases remain separate or are flagged for review.

3. Structure

We organise evidence around buyers, suppliers, contracts, requirements and time. Normalisation makes comparison possible, while source text is retained so interpretation does not erase what was actually published.

4. Qualify

Facts, calculations and inferences are different classes of statement. Dates calculated from a contract term are labelled as calculated. Forecasts and likely renewals are expressed as qualified signals, never as guaranteed opportunities.

5. Revisit

Public information changes. We date our work, revisit important sources and correct material errors. A research note is a view based on the evidence available at publication—not a permanent claim about an organisation.

Corrections

If you believe we have made a factual error or missed decisive evidence, email research@civensa.com with the page, statement and supporting source. We will review substantiated corrections.